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  Game  
A game is an activity involving one or more players. This can be defined by either a goal that the players try to reach, or some set of rules.. Game

  Board Games  
A board game is any game played on a board with counters or pieces that are moved across the board. Simple board games are often... Board Games

  Drinking Games  
Drinking games are games which involve drinking alcoholic beverages. The point is either simply to drink, or to make your opponent drink.. Drinking Games

  Arcade Games  
An arcade game is a coin-operated entertainment machine, typically installed in businesses such as restaurants, pubs... Arcade Games

  Party Games  
Party games are games which share several features suitable to entertaining a social gathering of moderate size... Party Games

Chess is an abstract strategy board game for two players. It is played on a square board of eight rows (called ranks) and eight columns (called files), giving 64 squares of alternating color, light and dark, with each player having a light square at the near-right corner when facing the board. Each player begins the game with 16 pieces which can move in defined directions (and in some instances, limited range) and can remove other pieces from the board: each player's pieces comprise eight pawns, two knights, two bishops, two rooks, one queen and one king. All pieces can remove opponent's pieces by landing on the space they occupy.

One player controls the white pieces; the other player controls the black pieces and the player that controls white is always the first player to move. In chess, when a player's king is directly threatened with capture by one or more of the opponent's pieces, the player is said to be in check. When in...

Chess

Beer Pong (also known as Beirut) is a drinking game that involves propelling a table tennis ball across a table with the goal of making the ball land in one of several cups of beer. The game generally involves two teams, each composed of two people. Once a player is scored upon, he/she is supposed to consume the entire amount of beer (or other alcoholic beverage) that resides in the cup where the ball landed. When one of the teams has scored in all of their opponents' cups, the game is won.

While having a remarkably simple premise, the game has a great depth of skill and strategy with different kinds of shots, cooperative planning, and a large element of confrontational psychology. These elements combined with the debilitating effects of alcohol creates a complex alluring game, or as some say, a sport. Beer Pong also has a remarkable number of variations and styles, which can depend on the area of the..

Beer Pong

Pac-Man (or Pakkuman) is an arcade game developed by Namco and licensed for distribution by Midway that was first released in 1980. Immensely popular from its first release through today, Pac-Man is universally considered one of the classics of the medium, virtually synonymous with video games, and an icon of 1980s popular culture. This non-violent game appealed to both boys and girls.

Until Pac-Man was released in the arcades, arcade video games in North America were primarily "space shooters", or video games where people controlled spaceships in space that had to shoot something (asteroids, aliens, etc). Since then, video arcade games have widely diversified (and even became educational in some cases), and as such, Pac-Man is credited with being a landmark in arcade gaming...

Pac-Man

 
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 Games

A game is a (often, but not always recreational) activity involving one or more players. This can be defined by either a goal that the players try to reach, or some set of rules that determines what the players can or can not do. Games are played primarily for entertainment or enjoyment, but may also serve as exercise or in an educational, simulational or psychological role.


Tug of war is an easily organized, impromptu game that requires little equipment.
 

Definition

Monopoly is the best selling board game in history. It is available in localized versions in many nations, such as this one in German.
 

Although many animals play, only humans confirmably have games. Whether some animals are intelligent enough to game is debatable, though a game has ritualistic elements (such as rules and procedures) that are voluntarily acted upon, rather than as a result of instinct. The existence of rules and criteria that decide the outcome of games imply that games require intelligence of a significant degree of sophistication.

Non-human animal species may, however, engage in games whose rules and sophistication may be of such a nature as to be incapable of detection by humans in their present state of knowledge. It would, for example, seem incongruous that large brained species such as many Cetaceans and the larger hominids did not play games. Our inability to observe and understand such games should not be taken as a confirmation that they do not exist. Some courtship displays by some species of bird, such as the Black Grouse, appear to have a component which, from an anthropolgical view, might appear to be a game in which there are clearly winners and losers.

Games can involve one player acting alone, or two or more players acting cooperatively. Most often involve competition among two or more players. Taking an action that falls outside the rules generally constitutes a foul or cheating.

All through human history, people have played games to entertain themselves and others. There are an enormous variety of games; for specific information about different types of games, see the links at the end of this article.

Philosopher David Kelley, in his popular introductory reasoning text The Art of Reasoning, defines the concept "game" as "a form of recreation constituted by a set of rules that specify an object to be attained and the permissible means of attaining it." This covers most cases well, but does not quite fit with things like war games and sports , which often are not played for entertainment but to build skills for later use.

The recent popularity of video game studies has lead to renewed interest in game definitions.

Games in philosophy

In Philosophical Investigations, philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein argued that the concept "game" could not be contained by any single definition, but that games must be looked at as a series of definitions that share a "family resemblance" to one another. Games were important to Wittgenstein's later thought; he held that language was itself a game, consisting of tokens governed by mutually agreed upon rules that governed the usage of words.

Stanley Fish, looking for a clear example of the sorts of social constructions, cited the balls and strikes of baseball as example. While the strike zone target is governed by the rules of the game, it epitomizes the category of things that exist only because people have agreed to treat them as real. No pitch is a ball or a strike until it has been labelled as such by an appropriate authority, the plate umpire, whose judgment on this matter cannot be challenged within the current game.

Many technical fields are often applied to the study of games, including probability, statistics, economics, ethnomathematics, and game theory.

Anthropology of games

Games, being a characteristic human activity strongly determined by custom and the frequent subjects of folklore, have been the subject of anthropological investigations.

Classes of games

While many different subdivisions have been proposed, anthropologists classify games under three major headings, and have drawn some conclusions as to the social bases that each sort of game requires. They divide games broadly into:

  • Games of pure skill, such as hopscotch and target shooting;
  • Games of pure strategy, such as checkers, go, or tic-tac-toe;
  • Games of chance, such as craps and snakes and ladders.

In addition to these basic classifications, there are mixed games; such as football, partly a game of skill and partly a game of strategy; poker, partly a game of strategy and partly a game of chance; and baseball, which combines elements of all three. Baseball Hall of Famer Casey Stengel underscored this point when he remarked, "I had many years when I was not so successful as a ballplayer, as it is a game of skill."

The game of chess, a game of pure strategy, requires the use of a chess set.
 

Games of pure skill are likely the oldest sort of game, and are found in all cultures, regardless of their level of material culture. They are associated with cultures that place a high value on individual performance and prowess.

Games of strategy require a higher material basis. They are associated with cultures that possess a written language: not surprising, since most strategy games are based on mathematics and feature the manipulation of symbols. They often require special equipment to be played. They are associated with hierarchical societies that place a high value on obedience.

Games of chance appear at a variety of levels of material culture; what they seem to share generally is a sense of economic insecurity. They are associated with cultures that place a high value on personal responsibility, keeping one's word, and maintaining personal standing in the face of misfortune; in other words, with "cultures of honor".

Games and sex roles

Anthropologists have also noticed relationships between natural sex roles and the sorts of games played by members of the two sexes. Music, including communal chanting and hand clapping, is frequently a component in games played by human females; it seldom plays an important role in the games played by human males. The games played by men and boys often require more physical space and involve more physical contact than those played by women or girls. Games played by males tend to be of a sort that result in a clear winner and a clear loser; games played by girls sometimes lack this feature, and are played for the sake of playing.

Games and sports

Fans at a Soccer match (SC Heerenveen)

There is no clear line of demarcation between games and sports. Generally, sports are athletic in nature, and have an element of physical prowess, but then so do many games. For cultural anthropologists, the distinction between games and sports hinges on community involvement. Sports, as opposed to games, often require special equipment and playing fields or prepared grounds dedicated to their practice, a fact that often makes necessary the involvement of a community beyond the players themselves. Most sports can have spectators. Communities often align themselves with players of sports, who in a sense represent that community; they often align themselves against their opponents, or have traditional rivalries. The concept of fandom began with sports fans. Games amuse the players; sports amuse a broader public; in advanced material cultures, sports can be played by paid professionals. When games like chess and go are played professionally, they take on many of the characteritics of a sport.

One-person games

One-person games or one-player games are sometimes called solitaire games, but this term can be easily confused with the peg game and the card game of same name.

Types of one-player games include:

  • many arcade games
  • most computer and video games
  • juggling
  • most types of puzzles (logical, mechanical, mathematical, etc.)
  • solitaire card games

Types of games

main article: Game classification

  • Alternate reality game
  • Board games
  • Business games
  • Car games
  • Card games
    • Collectible card games
  • Casino games
  • Children's games
  • Clapping games
  • Computer and video games
    • Computer board games
    • Computer puzzle games
    • Internet games
      • Online skill-based games
      • MUDs
      • MMORPGs
  • Conversation games
  • Counting-out games
  • Creative games
  • Dice games
  • Drinking games
  • Educational games
  • Economics games
  • Game shows
  • Games of chance
  • Games of dare
  • Games of logic
  • Games of physical activity
  • Games of physical skill
  • Games of skill
  • Games of strategy
  • Games of status
  • Global Positioning System-based games
  • Group-dynamic games
  • Guessing games
  • Letter games
  • Locative games
  • The Losing Game
  • Mathematical games
  • New Games
  • Open gaming
  • Party games
  • Parlour games
  • Pencil and paper games
  • Play-by-mail games
  • Playground games
  • Political games
  • Puzzles
  • Quizzes
  • Role-playing games
  • Singing games
  • Spoken games
  • String games
  • Table-top games
  • Tile-based games
  • Theater games
  • Traditional games
  • Unclassified games
  • Wargames
  • Win-win games
  • Word games

See also

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
 
  • Wikicities has a wiki about games: Wikicities:c:gameinfo gameinfo


  • List of game manufacturers
  • List of game topics
  • List of computer puzzle games
  • Ludology
  • Game semantics
  • Game theory
  • Play
  • Puzzle
  • Toy
  • Artistic computer game modification
  • Sports

References

  • Avedon, Elliot; Sutton-Smith, Brian, The study of games. (Philadelphia: Wiley, 1971), reprinted Krieger, 1979. ISBN 0898740452bg:Игра
Search Term: "Game"


games
GW freshman to miss first 11 games of season 
Sports Illustrated - Oct 27 4:46 PM
WASHINGTON (AP) -- George Washington freshman forward Hermann Opoku will be held out of the first 11 games of the season because of possible NCAA violations.


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2005 calendar
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FREDERICK â A calendar quirk and a holiday will give people a couple of extra days to file and pay federal tax returns this year â taxpayers will have until April 17.
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How to get your event in the calendar
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2006 calendars
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QED - the point is proven 
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QED is short for the Latin phrase quod erat demonstrandum, translating into "which was the thing to be proved". Such was the abbreviation with which in my student days we used to end with a flourish and relief every theorem in our geometry lessons.

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The unresolved story of ABC News' false Saddam-anthrax reports 
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ABC swept the Easter Sunday night Nielsens with its regular lineup. ABC had Extreme Makeover Home Edition (4.2 rating among adults 18 to 48 according to preliminary Nielsens), Desperate Housewives (6.0) and Brothers & Sisters (4.1).
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This article was written by unbeliever. But even in such interpretation we can see main tendencies of Islamic life in this country. We can more clearly understand reasons of contemporary situation in
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State Auto hires former Abercrombie & Fitch exec 
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State Auto Financial Corp. said Monday it has named a former Abercrombie & Fitch Co. executive as its general counsel.
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GW freshman to miss first 11 games of season 

Sports Illustrated - Oct 27 4:46 PM
WASHINGTON (AP) -- George Washington freshman forward Hermann Opoku will be held out of the first 11 games of the season because of possible NCAA violations.

Fire causes postponement of football games 
Los Angeles Times - Oct 28 12:58 AM
Several high school football games scheduled Friday night in the Riverside County area near the Esperanza fire have been postponed because of poor air quality.

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All of Cal's remaining games to be on TV 
San Francisco Chronicle - 2 hours, 22 minutes ago
The final four games of Cal's football season will be televised. The Bears' Nov. 11 game at Arizona has been selected for an ABC Regional telecast at 12:30 p.m., the Pac-10 office announced Friday. After this weekend's bye, No. 12 Cal (7-1, 5-0...

UPDATE: Some Football Friday Games Rescheduled 
WGAL via Yahoo! News - Oct 27 9:59 AM
Weather is forcing some schools to reschedule Friday football games. Here's a list of games affected so far: Lebanon at Conestoga Valley moved to 6 p.m. Lancaster Catholic at Columbia moved to 6 p.m. Juniata at Halifax moved to 5 p.m.

Samaranch boosts softball's bid for return to Games 
Reuters via Yahoo! News - Oct 27 6:24 AM
Juan Antonio Samaranch, honorary president for life of the International Olympic Committee, has given his backing to softball's bid to return to the Olympic Games, the International Softball Federation said.

Rain washes out Friday night games 
The Daily Reflector - 31 minutes ago
Rain forced the postponement of most of Friday's football games. J.H. Rose now will travel to South Central today, while North Pitt heads to Tarboro. Both games start at 6 p.m. West Craven will play at D.H. Conley at Monday at 7, while Greene Central hosts Farmville Central on Monday at 7:30.

Look beyond league games for this Top 20 
CBS Sportsline - Oct 27 3:34 PM
Everybody knows one set of big games elite teams play -- conference matchups with traditional rivals. Gary Parrish says been there, done that, time after time -- here are 20 big ones that you DON'T see every season.

`JUST BETTER TO ERR ON THE SIDE OF SAFETY': Rain washes most games to Monday 
The Charlotte Observer - Oct 28 12:16 AM
Heavy rain saturated most of the Charlotte area Friday, causing postponements of high school football games.

Scaring up some good games 
Kansas City Star - Oct 28 12:10 AM
It really shouldnt be that hard to scare up a few new video games for Halloween. Most titles on store shelves already seem to involve some level of gory first-person bloodletting anyway.

Last Update: 2006-10-28 06:17:05
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